Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare: Technological Progress and Ethical Frontiers

Abstract

Artificial intelligence (AI) is revolutionizing the healthcare industry by optimizing diagnostics, personalizing care, automating the administrative process and turning patients into healthier individuals. This review reflects upon the history of the development of AI, with references to the early forms of expert systems and more advanced models of deep learning and explains the key technologies like machine learning, natural language processing, and computer vision. The common applications are clinical diagnosis, predictive analytics, workflow streamlining, and off-site patient tracking. The paper presents the most important advantages, viz, better accuracy, efficiency, and access to care, and the problems, namely the quality of data, interoperability, bias of algorithms, and a lack of explain ability. The issue of privacy and informed consent is considered along with other ethical and legal regulations on the topic, such as accountability and fairness. The ways to go are characterized by transparency, mitigation of bias and regulatory adaptation. A more predictive, personalized, and equitable healthcare system is the promise of responsible integration of AI.